Polytheism and Disbelief

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Polytheism and Disbelief

Current mood:contemplative

POLYTHEISM AND DISBELIEF

Salvation of all mankind from the greatest sin against Allah

(Shirk and Kufr i.e. polytheism and disbelief) I consider it 


essential to mention here some details of the greatest sin which 


will not be forgiven by Allah. This unpardonable sin is Shirk

Shirk implies ascribing partners to Allah or ascribing divine 


attributes to others besides Allah and believing that the source 


of power, harm and blessings comes from another besides 


Allah.

Almighty Allah says:

"Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with 


Him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to 


whom He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with Allah in 


worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin."(V. 4:48).

Almighty Allah says:

"Then when the Trumpet is blown, there will be no kinship 


among them that Day, nor will they ask of one another.

"Then those whose scales (of good deeds) are heavy, - these! 


they are the successful.

"And those whose scales (of good deeds) are light, - they are 


those who lose their ownselves; in Hell will they abide."

"The Fire will burn their faces, and they will grin with 


disfigured lips (disfigured)."

"(It will be said) 'Were not My Verses (this Qur'ân) recited to 


you and then you used to deny them?'

"They will say: 'Our Lord! Our wretchedness overcame us and 


we were (an) erring people.

"Our Lord! Bring us out of this; if ever we return (to evil) then 


indeed we shall be Zâlimûn (polytheists, oppressors, unjust, and 


wrongdoers etc.).'

"He (Allah) will say: 'Remain you in it with ignominy! And 


speak you not to Me!' (V. 23:101-108).

"And whoever invokes (or worships) besides Allah, any other 


îlâh (god), of whom he has no proof, then his reckoning is only 


with his Lord. Surely! Al-Kafirûn (disbelievers in Allah and in 


the Oneness of Allah, polytheists, pagans, idolaters, etc.) will 


not be successful." (V. 23:117).

ASH-SHIRK POLYTHEISM AND ITS VARIOUS 


MANIFESTATIONS

Definition: Shirk basically is polytheism, i.e., the worship of 


others along with Allah. It also implies attributing divine 


attributes to any other besides Allah. It particularly implies 


associating partners in worship with Allah or to believe that the 


source of power, harm or blessings is from others besides Allah.

Types: There are three types of Shirk, namely:

(1) Ash-Shirk-al-Akbar, i.e. major Shirk

(2) Ash-Shirk-al-Asghar, i.e. minor Shirk

(3) Ash-Shirk-al-Khafi, i.e. inconspicuous Shirk.

Manifestations: (1) Ash-Shirk-al-Akbar (The major Shirk): The 


major and serious polytheistic form, it has four aspects:

(a) Shirk-ad-Du'â, i.e. invocation.This aspect implies invoking, 


supplicating or praying to other deities besides Allah.

Almighty Allah says:

"And when they embark on a ships they invoke Allah, making 


their Faith pure for Him only, but when He brings them safely 


to land, behold, they give a share of their worship to others," 


(V.29:65)

(b) Shirk-al-Niyyah wal-Iradah wal-Qasd. This aspect implies 


inten-tions, purpose and determination in acts of worship or 


religious deeds not for the sake of Allah but directed towards 


other deities.

Almighty Allah says:

"Whosoever desires the life of the world and its glitter, to them 


]We shall pay in full (the wages of) their deeds therein, and they 


will have no diminution therein. They are those for whom there 


is nothing in the Hereafter but Fire; and vain are the deeds 


they did therein. And of no effect is that which they used to do."


(V. 11:15,16)

(c) Shirk-at-Tâ'a. This aspect implies rendering obedience to 


any authority against the Order of Allah.

Almighty Allah says:

"They (Jews and Christians) took their Rabbis and their monks 


to be their lords besides Allah (by obeying them in things which 


they made lawful or unlawful according to their own desires 


without being ordered by Allah), and (they also took as their 


lord) Messiah, son of Maryam (Mary), while they (Jews and 


Christians) were commanded (in the Torah and the Gospel) to 


worship none but One Ilâh (God i.e., Allah), Lâ ilâha illâ Huwa 


(none has the right to be worshipped but He). Praise and Glory 


be to Him, (far above is He) from having the partners they 


associate (with Him)." (V.9:31).

Once, while Allah's Messenger SAW was reciting the above 


Verse, 'Adi bin Hatim said, "O Allah's Prophet! They do not 


worship them (rabbis and monks)." Allah's Messenger said, 


"They certainly do. They (i.e. Rabbis and monks) made legal 


things illegal, and illegal things legal, and they (i.e. Jews and 


Christians) followed them; and by doing so they really 


worshipped them."(Narrated by Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, and Ibn 


Jarir). (Tafsir At-Tabari, Vol.10, Page No. 114).

(d) Shirk-al-Mahabbah. This implies showing the love which is 


due to Allah Alone, to others than Him.

Almighty Allah says:

"And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others 


besides Allah as rivals (to Allah). They love them as they love 


Allah. But those who believe, love Allah more (than anything 


else). If only those who do wrong could see, when they will see 


the torment, that all power belongs to Allah and that Allah is 


Severe in punishment." (V. 2:165)

(2) Ash-Shirk-al-Asghar Ar-Riyâ' (The minor Shirk, i.e. acts 


performed to show off). Any act of worship or any religious 


deed done in order to gain praise, fame or for worldly 


purposes, falls under this minor form.

Almighty Allah says:

"Say (O Muhammad SAW ) : 'I am only a man like you, it has 


been inspired to me that your Ilâh (God) is One Ilâh (God i.e 


Allah). So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord, let him 


work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the 


worship of his Lord.' " (V. 18:110)

(3) Ash-Shirk-al-Khafi (The inconspicuous Shirk). This type 


implies being inwardly dissatisfied with the inevitable condition 


that has been ordained for one by Allah; conscientiously 


lamenting that had you done or not done such and such or had 


you approached such and such you would have had a better 


status, etc.

The Noble Prophet Muhammad SAW said:

"Ash-Shirk-al-Khafi in the Muslim nation is more 


inconspicuous than the creeping of black ant on black rock in 


the pitch-darkness of the night." And this inconspicuous Shirk 


is expiated by saying thrice the following sentences within a day 


and a night: "O Allah! I take Your refuge from that I should 


ascribe anything as partner in Your worship, being conscious of 


that, and I beg Your pardon for that sin which I am not aware 


of."

AL-KUFR-DISBELIEF AND ITS VARIOUS 


MANIFESTATIONS

Kufr is basically disbelief in any of the articles of Faith in 


Islam.

The articles of Faith are: To believe in -

(1) Allah,

(2) His angels,

(3) His Messengers,

(4) His revealed Books,

(5) The Day of Resurrection, and

(6) Al-Qadar, Divine Preordainments (Fate i.e. whatever Allah 


SWT has ordained must come to pass).

There are two aspects of disbelief:

(1). The major disbelief (Al-Kufr-al-Akbar): This aspect 


excludes one completely from the fold of Islam. There are five 


types (of this major disbelief):-

(a) Kufr-at-Takdhîb. This implies disbelieving the divine truth 


or denying of any of the articles of Faith.

Almighty Allah says:

"Then who does more wrong than one who utters a lie against 


Allah and denies the truth [this Qur'ân, the Prophet 


(Muhammad SAW), the Islamic Monotheism, the Resurrection, 


and the reward or punishment according to good or evil deeds], 


when it comes to him. Is there not in Hell an abode for the 


disbelievers? " (V. 39:32)

(b) Kufr-al-Ibâ' wat-Takabbur ma'at-Tasdîq. This implies 


rejection and pride to submit to Allah's Commandments after 


conviction of their truth.

Almighty Allah says:

"And (remember) when We said to the angels: 'Prostrate 


yourself before Adam.' And they prostrated except Iblis, he 


refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers 


(disobedient to Allah)." (V. 2:34).

(c) Kufr-ash-Shak waz-Zan. This implies doubting or lacking of 


conviction in the six articles of Faith.

Almighty Allah says:

"And he went into his garden while in a state (of pride and 


disbelief) unjust to himself. He said: 'I think not that this will 


ever perish. And I think not the Hour will ever come, and if 


indeed I am brought back to my Lord (on the Day of 


Resurrection) I surely shall find better than this when I return to Him.' His companion said to him during the talk with him: 


'Do you disbelieve in Him Who created you out of dust (i.e. 


your father Adam), then out of Nutfah (mixed semen drops of 


male and female discharge), then fashioned you into a man? But 


as for my part (I believe) that He is Allah, my Lord, and none 


shall I associate as partner with my Lord.' " (V.18:3538)

(d) Kufr-al-I'râd. This implies turning away from the truth 


knowingly or deviating from the obvious signs which Allah has 


revealed.

Almighty Allah says:

"We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is 


between them except with truth and for an appointed term. But 


those who disbelieve turn away from that whereof they are 


warned." (V.46:3)

(e) Kufr-an-Nifâq. This implies hypocritical disbelief.

Almighty Allah says:

"They have made their oaths a screen (for their hypocrisy). 


Thus they hinder (men) from the Path of Allah. Verily, evil is 


what they used to do. That is because they believed, then 


disbelieved, therefore their hearts are sealed, so they 


understand not." (V.63:2-3)

(2) The minor disbelief (Al-Kufr-al-Asghar): This aspect of 


disbelief does not exclude one from the fold of Islam. It is also 


termed Kufr-an-Ni'mah. This implies disbelief manifesting itself 


in ungratefulness for Allah's Blessings or Favours.

Almighty Allah says:

'And Allah puts forward the example of a township (Makka), 


that dwelt secure and well-content; its provision coming to it in 


abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the 


Favours of Allah (with ungratefulness). So Allah made it taste 


the extreme of hunger (famine) and fear, because of that (evil, 


i.e. denying Prophet Muhammad SAW ) which they (its people) 


used to do." (V.16:112).

(♥) May Allah  have peace and Mercy upon us 


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“Have they not looked at the sky above them: how We 


structured it and made it beautiful and how there are no 


fissures in it? 

And the earth: how We stretched it out and cast firmly 


embedded mountains onto it and caused luxuriant 


plants of every kind to grow in it, an instruction and a 




reminder for every penitent human being.” (Surah Qaf, 6-


8)